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| # | Post Title | Result Info | Date | User | Forum |
| Stacking waveform data (SEG2) files using Pickwin | 11 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Stacking waveform data (SEG2) files using Pickwin Make sure your dimension size is large enough. To start, select "option", then "Dimension size". If the maximum traces is smaller than the total number of traces, increase the maximum traces, check “Change dimension size” and click “OK” to change dimension size. Open one waveform file as usual. Open another waveform file as usual. Choose “Append to present data”. If you want to change the color of traces depending on files, change component (2 to 10), check “Change” and click “OK”. Note that color does not affect stacking. Trace color is shown below. If you uncheck the “Change”, all traces are shown black. Confirm total number of traces. Two waveform files are shown together. Make sure there is no time difference between shots. After importing 3rd file. After importing 4th file. Make sure there is no time difference among shots. Confirm total number of traces.. All waveform files are shown together. Make sure there is no time difference among shots. Select “Processing”, “Vertical stack”. Select “a. Average” and click “OK”. You may select “Semblance” or “Semblance weighted stack” to emphasize coherent signal. Stacked data is shown. | |||||
| Google Earth KML file in MagNav for MagEx surveys | 4 Relevance | 2 years ago | Rui Zhang | Software | |
| Customers can pre-define a survey area using Google Earth Pro and load the KML file into MagNav app. Open Google Earth Pro. Navigate to your survey area and click “Add Path”. Move your cursor and left click to define the outline of your survey area. You can rename your path name and click OK. Select the new path created and right click it. In the pop-up menu, click “Save Place As” to save it as a kml file. Open the Survey Manager. Load an existing project or create a new project. Inside the project, create a new survey. Set up other preferred parameters. Click “Select Route File” and load the saved kml file. Make sure to click “Save” before exiting Plug in a USB drive and copy the project (.dbt file) to the USB. Eject the USB from your computer to make sure it can be safely removed. Turn on the instrument and the Getac tablet. Make sure the wifi is connected. Plug the USB drive into the Getac tablet. Open the MagNav app. Click “Import Project” to load the project (.dbt file) from the USB. Enter the project and enter the survey. On the Navigation page, the path created in Google Earth will be displayed, which can be served as guidelines or outlines for GPS surveys. Marker points can be created similarly for marked surveys. | |||||
| Stacking Technical Note | 4 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Stacking is a complicated topic, and warrants its own technical note. Which stacking features are available and how they work depends which modes you are in. There are three main mode “groups”: SAVE, CORRELATION, AND STACK. Within those are sub modes whose names indicate their function. Save Autosave Manual Save Correlation No correlation Standard correlation Stack before Correlation Stack after Correlation Random Source Correlation Stack Autostack Replace There is a complicated interplay between the above modes and between these modes and the stack options: Stack polarity Display Intermediate Stacks Unstack Delay We will examine each possible combination in rough order of popularity Modes: Manual save , No correlation, Autostack This is the most common configuration used in refraction and downhole surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked Each stacked record is displayed as the stack count increments The stack count continues to increment with each shot until you clear the data, even if you save the data sometime in the process. Stack Polarity can be changed at any time. This is most often used in shear wave surveys where reverse-polarity stacking is required. Unstack Delay gives you the option to unstack the most recent stack; for example, setting the stack count from 4 back to 3. The data will be held in a temporary buffer for n seconds, during which time you can choose whether to stack or not. If you do nothing, the data will be automatically stacked after n seconds, and unstacking will be no longer be an option for that stack. If Unstack Delay is set to zero, this feature is disabled. Modes: Auto Save, No correlation, Autostack This is the most common configuration used in impulsive reflection surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the data are saved automatically. Data are automatically cleared and the stack count is reset to one the next time the seismograph triggers after saving the data. Stack Polarity is generally left set to Positive. Displaying intermediate stacks is optional. Disabulng this option results in faster production, since the data do not need to be sent over the network with every stack. Modes: Auto Save, Standard Correlation, Stack Before Correlation This is the most common configuration used in swept-source reflection surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the data are saved automatically. Data are automatically cleared and the stack count is reset to one the next time the seismograph triggers after saving the data. Data are stacked in raw, uncorrelated form in the Geodes, and are not sent to the PC until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the stacked raw record is correlated in the Geode (with the most recent pilot), sent to the PC, and saved. Modes: Auto Save, Standard Correlation, Stack After Correlation This is the most common configuration used in Random Source (mini-Sosie) reflection surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the data are saved automatically. Data are automatically cleared and the stack count is reset to one the next time the seismograph triggers after saving the data. Each individual record is correlated with its own pilot and stacked in correlated form in the Geodes. Displaying intermediate, correlated stacks is optional. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the stacked, correlated record is sent to the PC and saved. Modes: Auto Save, Replace This is the most common configuration used in Continuous Recording surveys. Each stack is replaced by the previous. If Auto Save is not enabled, the previous stack is lost. If Auto Save is on the Stack ulmit is hard-coded to 1. Each shot is displayed. | |||||
| Half Rigid Suspension Design | 3 Relevance | 2 years ago | Rui Zhang | Hardware | |
| With the provided 10-feet suspension cables, the magnetic noise due to most commercial drones can be ignored. However, some MagArrow customers experience stability issue, especially in windy conditions. For a small number of drones, the MagArrow can be attached to the landing gear directly with acceptable noises (line-levelling is still required in data processing). For most drones, however, this configuration causes too much noise. A half rigid mounting design may solve this problem. It has 2 rigid bars with hinges on one side and 2 flexible cables on the other. On the ground, the rigid side folds to the side. While in the air, gravity will keep the MagArrow further away from the drone. Drone noise can be greatly suppressed since the noise follows 1/R^3. A factor of 2 increase in the separation can lead to a factor of 8 decrease in noise. Please make sure the hinges and the rigid bars are made of non-magnetic material. | |||||
| Intermittent Issue Diagnosis | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Rui Zhang | Hardware | |
| General information The most common symptoms of intermittent connection issues are shown below: D_CY shows a background decay signal is either much higher than normal, and/or C_CY is a flat line (doesn’t decay). Figure 1 Intermittent connection issue. Where is the failure occurring? The two most common places where intermittent issues occur are at the two ends of the Rx cable: the joint between the Rx cable and the Cart and the joint between the Rx cable and the EDA box (orange box). Now we need to identify which joint has the intermittent issue. Set up the MM2x2 in DAM mode. Collect DAM data while keeping the Cart stationary but tapping one joint. Collect another DAM data while tapping the other joint. Analyze the DAM data by plotting the “Monostatic_5” for all 12 Rx channels in Geosoft. The channels having intermittent issues will appear much noisier. If you have MatLab software, you can download the MatLab code to analyze the DAM data. Example plots are shown below. It is obvious that “ZA” channel has the intermittent issue in Figure 2 and “XB” channel is open in Figure 3 (very flat line, no noise at all). Click here to download the code: Attachment : Intermittent_noise_full.zip . If both DAM and IVS data have the same problematic channel(s), we are confident that the intermittent issues observed in IVS data are repeated in DAM data, and by tapping at that location, we are able to identify the intermittent joint. Figure 2 Intermittent "ZA" channel. Figure 3 Open "XB" channel. What to do next? Disconnect the problematic joint and clean the connectors on both sides thoroughly (using an acid brush and a can of compressed air). Reconnect and try the tapping method again. If the problem goes away (no more noisy channels), the intermittent issue is likely caused by dust. If cleaning doesn’t fix the problem, swap out the Rx cable and repeat the tapping method. If the problem goes away, it is likely caused by a bad Rx cable. If there is another set of EDA and Cart available, swap out the EDA and the Cart to identify the problematic part. If not, use the tapping location to identify the problematic part. Fill out the RMA form at . If it is the Cart, send in the whole system for inspection/repair. You can contact Geometrics for MM2x2 rental if you need to continue your work during the down time. If it is the EDA, we recommend sending in the EDA only. It will save your repair time since it is much faster to unpack/pack/ship the EDA than the whole system. You can contact Geometrics for EDA rental if you need to continue your work during the down time. Warning Please note that this tapping method should ONLY be tried when intermittent issues have been observed in IVS tests. It is NOT recommended to use it as a daily QC test because it does put extra stress on connectors and likely leads to a shortened connector lifetime if applied too often. | |||||
| What are the differences between the standard MFAM and the SX version? | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Hardware | |
| The only difference between the standard and SX version is the sensitivity is 4pT/rt-Hz and 20 pT/rt-Hz respectively. Here is an expected response with the magnetometer moving past a generic magnetic projectile: In this case the amplitude is about 1nT in total from peak to peak. The feature itself is quite distinguishable. This is assuming there is no noise in the system. Here is what the data looks like with 4pT/rt-Hz noise: You can see the general structure is still there but there is a little more wiggle on the trace that is associated with the noise of the system. Here is the data with 20 pT/rt-Hz noise: Again, here the structure is clearly visible but the data looks a bit noisier. With some signal processing technique, such as low pass filtering, noises can be further reduced. Please note that in real surveys, detecting 1nT peak-peak anomalies is always a big challenge even with the most sensitive magnetometers due to other noise sources, such as motion noises and environmental noises. Therefore, SX version is in general NOT the limiting factor for conducting surveys. To understand this concept better, you can use the magnetic gradient tool developed by our partner in the UK, Geomatrix Earth Science. | |||||
| Why does my MagArrow have 0 readings or missing records? | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Rui Zhang | Hardware | |
| There are many reasons causing 0 readings or missing records: 1. MagArrow is dead-zone-free. But this doesn't mean it can be operated in any environment. If the background magnetic field is outside its operating range (20-100uT) or its gradient is too large, MagArrow will have readings of 0 (or dropouts). Usually this happens when you test the instrument inside a building. One way is to place the MagArrow on a wood/plastic table. 2. The default conversion of Survey Manager is NOT to include data points without locations. Inside a building, you may not have GPS signal, leading to missing records. This topic is also discussed in Missing records from magnetometer export. 3. If the 0 readings occur during a survey, especially consistently along a certain direction, you may want to check the operating status of 2 sensors inside the MagArrow. First, make sure your MagArrow embedded software is MagArrowSetup-3.0.1915-881 or later. If not, please go to our website MagArrow embedded software update, download and install the latest embedded software(instruction inside the downloaded zip file). Connect to the new webpage ( .). The "Operating status" of each magnetometer, as shown below, should be "OK". If not, please record the error code and power cycle. To finish the survey, please keep an eye on this status whenever the MagArrow returns to the base during the survey (power cycle if error). If the error occurs more than twice during your survey (make sure it is not an isolated event), please contact Geometrics and report the error code. Please note that for "Combined sensor" (dead-zone-free) MagArrows, there is ONLY one reading in Mag1. Mag2 Data Valid is always "NO". | |||||
| How to trim data outside Ray-paths for Seismic Models in PlotRefa | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| You can transfer your SeisImager license from one computer to another using the following guide. SeisImager has a function to erase velocity model where ray path did not propagate. It is not automatic. Select "Velocity model", ""Define bottom layer", "Manually". Then click the mouse from left to right to define a line to truncate velocity model as shown below. Final Result: | |||||
| What are the differences between the standard MFAM and SX Versions | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | MFAM | |
| The only difference between the standard and SX version is the sensitivity is 4pT/rt-Hz and 20 pT/rt-Hz respectively. Here is an expected response with the magnetometer moving past a generic magnetic projectile: In this case the amplitude is about 2nT in total from peak to peak. The feature itself is quite distinguishable. This is assuming there is no noise in the system. Here is what the data looks like with 4pT/rt-Hz noise: You can see the general structure is still there but there is a little more wiggle on the trace that is associated with the noise of the system. Here is the data with 20 pT/rt-Hz noise: Again, here the structure is generally there but the data looks quite a bit noisier. So for smaller targets or more subtle anomalies they can be obscured or missed entirely. To understand this concept better, you can use the magnetic gradient tool developed by our partner in the UK, Geomatrix Earth Science. | |||||
| How to set up dead-zone-free operation for MFAM | 2 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Hardware | |
| MFAM-SuperMag (LCS100S) or MFAM-SX (LCS100X) can be configured to achieve dead-zone-free operation, in which the combined sensor is always active no matter where in the world and which direction the device is oriented. To set up the dead-zone-free configuration: Make sure the MFAM is in the "One Sensor (No Dead Zone) run mode. If not, please refer to "How to switch the operating mode for SuperMag MFAM" on our website found here: How to switch the operating mode for SuperMag (LCS100S) MFAM?. Orient two sensors orthogonally. The ideal relative orientation is shown below (also in the test report in the USB drive shipped with the unit). This configuration works for both the "Low Heading Error" and the "Low Noise" modes. Low Heading Error Only mode If you only wish to run the sensor in the "Low Heading Error" mode (note that SX MFAM does NOT have the "Low Noise" mode), a simpler configuration, as shown below, can also achieve the dead-zone-free operation. | |||||
| How do you power on a Geode Seismograph? | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Hardware | |
| 1000 Hz Sample rate and Powerline Variations | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Application | |
| The MFAM Magnetometer samples at 1000 Hz, which in turns captures a lot of unique waveforms. When viewing the data raw, it can therefore appear to be a bit noisy. But a closer examination of the data will reveal a real variation of the magnetic field which is caused caused by the power distribution network. Proper filtering is required to reduce the power line caused variations and reveal the strong signal of interest. It is not obvious that 60 or 50 hertz electromagnetic radiation is real, since in ordinary experience any power line “noise” is electrostatically coupled into a system (think 60 hertz hum on a stereo system) and is a fault that needs to be fixed. In this case however the variation in the magnetic field is induced by the power grid and is real. The magnetometer is simply and dutifully reporting the variation. These power line variations are to some extent present everywhere – even miles from the nearest power line. But obviously being close to power lines will increase the amplitude of the variations a lot. Often on a MagArrow survey the power line variations will be larger at one end of the survey area than the other. Poking in the GPS coordinates at the survey area nearest the larger variations into Google Earth will usually reveal the power lines from an aerial view – even if they are not visible on the ground. After applying a Fourier Frequency Transform on the MFAM data to identify the noise sources, 50 and 60 Hz noise amplitudes are easily observed. Also observable is the likely to be 20.8 Hz Schumann resonance of the third node and some other ultra-low frequency electro magnetic radiation produced naturally by the Earth. Harmonics of 60 Hz are also present. Another common question is “Why is the power line variations not a sine wave like the power line voltage?” Remember that voltages do not make magnetic fields. Only current generates magnetic fields, and the current being drawn is not a sine wave at all. Many loads, for example, only draw current at the voltage peaks. This makes for a non-sinusoidal magnetic field that is rich in harmonics. Also note that most power distribution system use a 3 phase topology. The ripple current in such a system will be 150 or 180 Hz. Thus you will often see large peaks in the power spectrum at these frequencies and their harmonics. | |||||
| 1000 Hz Sample Rate and Powerline Variations | 2 Relevance | 2 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | MFAM | |
| The MFAM Magnetometer samples at 1000 Hz, which in turns captures a lot of unique waveforms. When viewing the data raw, it can therefore appear to be a bit noisy. But a closer examination of the data will reveal a real variation of the magnetic field which is caused caused by the power distribution network. Proper filtering is required to reduce the power line caused variations and reveal the strong signal of interest. It is not obvious that 60 or 50 hertz electromagnetic radiation is real, since in ordinary experience any power line “noise” is electrostatically coupled into a system (think 60 hertz hum on a stereo system) and is a fault that needs to be fixed. In this case however the variation in the magnetic field is induced by the power grid and is real. The magnetometer is simply and dutifully reporting the variation. These power line variations are to some extent present everywhere – even miles from the nearest power line. But obviously being close to power lines will increase the amplitude of the variations a lot. Often on a MagArrow survey the power line variations will be larger at one end of the survey area than the other. Poking in the GPS coordinates at the survey area nearest the larger variations into Google Earth will usually reveal the power lines from an aerial view – even if they are not visible on the ground. After applying a Fourier Frequency Transform on the MFAM data to identify the noise sources, 50 and 60 Hz noise amplitudes are easily observed. Also observable is the likely to be 20.8 Hz Schumann resonance of the third node and some other ultra-low frequency electro magnetic radiation produced naturally by the Earth. Harmonics of 60 Hz are also present. Another common question is “Why is the power line variations not a sine wave like the power line voltage?” Remember that voltages do not make magnetic fields. Only current generates magnetic fields, and the current being drawn is not a sine wave at all. Many loads, for example, only draw current at the voltage peaks. This makes for a non-sinusoidal magnetic field that is rich in harmonics. Also note that most power distribution system use a 3 phase topology. The ripple current in such a system will be 150 or 180 Hz. Thus you will often see large peaks in the power spectrum at these frequencies and their harmonics. | |||||
| How to do Heading-Effect compensation for MagArrow? | 2 Relevance | 3 years ago | Rui Zhang | Application | |
| MagArrow eliminates the dead-zone effect by having two orthogonally orientated sensors operating simultaneously, at the cost of heading effect. Depending on the survey site and flight stability, the heading effect may become obvious, as shown in the picture below. The heading effect can be mitigated through data processing. Geometrics recently published a peer-reviewed paper, explaining in detail the heading-effect compensation method. The paper can be found at A draft of the paper can be downloaded below. Attachment : 4107_TSS_Zhang.pdf After the compensation, the heading effect is removed and the new survey data is plotted below. Geometrics also provide a preliminary data processing program for MagArrow and MagEx customers. Please refer to the other forum post below: Survey Data Processing Before you run the program, please download and install the LabView Runtime (free, 64-bit 2020 SP1) first: The user guide is also located in the folder. It is worth mentioning that the data processing program provides 2 methods of suppressing the MagArrow noise: 1. Through frequency filtering and line levelling (Survey Data Noise Reduction).2. Heading effect compensation (Heading Error Compensation). In general, to perform the heading error compensation, you need to collect heading effect calibration data (Instruction included in the folder). It is possible that the calibration data can be obtained from the survey data itself. If you have trouble processing your data, please share some of your data with Geometrics and we can provide help, especially in generating the calibration file. | |||||
| Windows11 compatible MagLog software | 1 Relevance | 7 months ago | Rui Zhang | Software | |
| To make MagLog software compatible with Windows11 OS, follow the steps below: 1. Download and unzip the file below to your local computer. Attachment : MagLog2017.zip 2. Make sure the installed MagLog program is not running. If it is running in the background you will need to go to the task manager and manually close the program by selecting end task. For those that may have used to compatibility work around, revert back to default by unclicking Compatibility mode in the Properties>Compatibility menu of the MagLog software. 3. Navigate to the folder where the unzipped files are. Double click and run the "maglog2017.exe" file. 4. Once the MagLog user interface pops up, the software is updated. Close the program. 5. Now the installed MagLog program should be compatible with Windows11 even after the downloaded files, including "maglog2017.exe", are removed from your computer. Please leave a message below if it does NOT work for you! A new MagLog installer will come out later. | |||||
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