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The Geometry GUI provides a graphical representation of your survey, along with a wide range of control capability. It is particularly useful when conducting reflection surveys, but can be useful in a wide range of applications. It summarizes, in one simple view, the physical positions and other attributes of the hardware on the ground, and allows graphical control of these. Below is a typical display of a 96-channel, four-Geode layout. We will first describe the display itself, and follow with a description of its control capabilities. Example Geometry GUI

The time associated with each data point in a SEG-2 data file generated by a Geode is related to the time of the “trigger” event which was instrumental in the production of the file and its content. The Trigger Master and Trigger Distribution The trigger event occurs at the Geode designated within the Controller software as the Trigger Master. Although all Geodes are capable of being Trigger Masters, there must be one and only one Trigger Master in any properly functioning Geode system. The Controller automatically takes care of this requirement when the designation is made by a user, and when the system is established at the time of Controller start-up based on a previous designation (or a default setting in the case of a “new survey”). All other Geodes in the system will have their Trigger Master circuit disabled. A trigger event can be initiated by an external electrical pulse provided to the trigger input connector of the Trigger Master Geode, or by a command sent via Ethernet from the Controller to the Trigger Master (usually for test purposes), but only when all conditions are satisfied to allow data recording. There is also a special trigger initiation situation, called “self-triggering” which will not be discussed further here. Upon acceptance of a trigger event, the Trigger Master will distribute the trigger signal to all Geodes in the system, itself included, via an RS-485 network that resides within the digital interconnect cabling. (Proper termination of this RS-485 network is automatically taken care of by the Controller.) The trigger signal is propagated through the cabling and Geodes at the nominal speed of 70% of the speed of light, or approximately 2.1x10^8 m/sec. The maximum distance of successful propagation depends on a number of factors such as the number of Geodes involved, the noise environment, the quality of the cables, and the acceptable amount of timing uncertainty for the particular application. Distances approaching or exceeding 1km should be given careful attention in this regard. In a 3-D Geode system involving LTUs, each LTU, unlike a Geode, will reconstruct the trigger signal before sending it on, effectively confining the maximum distance issue to each sub-network separated by LTUs. The penalty is an additional delay of about 100nS for each LTU in the route. The External Trigger Circuit The external trigger input is capacitively coupled, with a 2mS time constant, to the midpoint of a resistive voltage divider. The voltage difference between the two ends of the divider constitute a voltage "window", which size is set by the trigger sensitivity parameter and can range from essentially zero at the highest sensitivity, to about +/- 2.5V at the lowest sensitivity. The Geode will trigger (if enabled) if and when the coupled signal exceeds the Window, in either direction (i.e., positive or negative going). The signal, after the capacitor, is clamped by diodes to the range between the trigger signal ground and +5VDC. The trigger detector output is disabled when the system is disarmed, during a parameter change, and during a shot, up to the trigger hold-off time after the end of the shot. The trigger hold-off time is a parameter set by the user. Preceding the coupling capacitor (i.e., essentially the node accessible at pin A of the external connector), there is a 3.3K-Ohm pull-up resistor to +5VDC (relative to pin B). Also a fast transient suppressor clamps the input at about +/-14VDC. It is advised that the DC + AC level of any voltage applied to pin A relative to pin B be kept within the range of +/-7V, giving some margin of safety. If a DC voltage somewhat less than +5VDC is applied when the connector is first mated, the instrument may trigger at that moment. But, subsequently, because of the capacitive coupling, it will trigger on the next positive or negative going pulse that exceeds the Window level. If the duration of the applied voltage pulse is less than the record length + delay time + hold-off time, then the Geode will effectively be ready to trigger on the same edge of another similar pulse. Sub-sample Synchronization The Geode supports a sub-sample timing synchronization feature used for synchronizing the data acquisition after a trigger event to the distributed trigger signal, so that subsequent time points will be known to within 1/32 (~1/20 at the fastest two sampling rates) sample interval. It does this by increasing the sample interval at the trigger time by 0 to 31/32 of a sample interval in increments of 1/32, so that the first sample after the trigger would represent a time of one sample interval after the trigger event, with a tolerance within 1/32 of a sample interval. The following samples continue from there at the expected intervals. For example, with a selected sampling interval of ¼ mS and a recording delay of 0mS, the first sample in the recorded file for each channel would represent data at 250 to 258uS after the trigger event. This of course potentially introduces a small discontinuity at the time of the trigger, observable depending on the nature of the channel waveform(s). (The zero-phase anti-alias filter will smear the discontinuity into the nearby samples both before and after, consistent with the bandwidth of the filter.) Sub-sample synchronization can be disabled if it is deemed to be detrimental for the particular application, at the expense of losing the 1/32 interval timing accuracy. Timing Errors The principal errors in Geode timing are of two types: those associated with the trigger mechanism and which are static over the duration of the record, and those associated with the time base and which change over the duration of the record. Excluding the trigger propagation delay mentioned above, the trigger timing uncertainty is about 1uS. The known fixed errors have been lumped together and are reported in the SEG-2 file trace headers as channel SKEW. (The actual channel skew is zero, since all channels are effectively sampled simultaneously, but the SKEW value in the header is used as the only place permitting small timing corrections. Note that the SKEW value for every channel is identical.) If the size of this correction is important to the application, the SKEW value should be added to the calculated time points when the data is being processed. The Geode time base has a +/-15ppm stability over temperature (-20C to +70C) and component variations. Thus time drift relative to absolute time and relative to other Geodes is possible. (However, all channels within any Geode enclosure use the same time base, so there is no relative drift between channels in the same enclosure.) Therefore timing uncertainty increases from that existing at the time of the trigger until the time of the next trigger (or end of record). Special Timing Issues Involved with “Continuous” Recording “Continuous” recording is a method that allows unending 100% time coverage with recorded Geode data. It produces a series of time-overlapped records created by the use of a negative time delay set equal to the record length such that each record consists of completed history at the time of the trigger event. This technique circumvents the problem of data transmission overrunning data acquisition. The principle constraint is that the cycle time from trigger to trigger must always be less than the chosen record length. Otherwise, gaps rather than overlap would result. Commonly it is used with GPSderived triggering in order to provide time-stamping of each trigger event. Upon consideration of the above, it will become clear that the time-stamp associated with a particular trigger event will pertain to the data in the following record, not to the data in the record in which the time-stamp is written. This comes about because the trigger event ends the record. Because there is data overlap between records, the precise trigger point in the following record at which the time-stamp applies can be found by comparison of the data values at the end of the former record with those near the beginning of the subsequent record. The overlapping data will be exactly identical in both records (since they are read from the same memory location, twice). The earliest data in the subsequent record that goes beyond the data of the previous record is the data that is one sample interval (assuming sub-sample synchronization is enabled) past the time-stamp. Note well that this comparison must be made independently for at least one channel of each 8-channel Geode board set, because the discrete time at which data values are written to the memory buffer, relative to the trigger event, is a function of each individual board set in the Geode system. Correct GPS Time-Stamping There are differences between various GPS models that can affect accurate time stamping. The 1PPS signal from a GPS has a “timing edge” and return edge, of which only the former is the true whole-second edge. Some models use a rising edge as the timing edge, some the falling edge, and some have it selectable. Consult the GPS manual to determine the definition of its timing edge. As indicated earlier, the Geode can be triggered on either a rising or falling edge. It is important to insure that the Geode is being triggered on the proper edge in order to avoid timing that may be a fraction of a second off. This is expanded upon below. Some GPS units provide a very narrow timing pulse, others one that has a nearly 50/50 duty cycle. For the narrow pulse units, almost certainly it is the leading edge (rising or falling) that is the “timing edge”. This case can be easily handled by using the Geode Trigger Hold-off feature. If a 10-second cycle time is desired, set the Trigger Hold-off time to about 9.5 seconds. In this case, there is a very small chance that the very first trigger could occur on the wrong (trailing) edge, but from then on the leading edge will be used as the triggering edge. If the GPS provides a 50/50 duty cycle edge, and it is not alterable, then the Geode by itself could as easily start on the wrong edge as on the correct timing edge, and continue thusly until restarted. For this case, Geometrics can provide a Trigger Timing Interface Box (TTIB) that will correct the situation. The TTIB can be programmed to respond only to the correct edge (rising or falling), change the polarity if needed, and gate through only one of every N 1PPS pulses, where N is programmable. (The TTIB also incorporates an alarm system that can provide a remote alert if a record is missed.) Another potential issue comes from the variations between GPS models of the time that the serial time string (containing the time value of the associated 1PPS) is issued relative to the 1PPS itself. The Geode Controller attempts to pick the correct serial string based on a calculation involving the known record length, the PC times, and the trigger notification message from the Geodes. But if the GPS issues the serial string at an unusual time (and the time has been seen to vary somewhat with a given GPS unit) then it could pick up the incorrect time, off by 1 second. If rare, it can be subsequently detected and corrected during data processing, but if consistent it may not be easily detected. Again, the TTIB can accommodate the situation by only gating through to the Controller PC the string belonging to the gated-through 1PPS pulse. The Controller Serial Input Time Window can then safely be widened to 2 seconds (assuming the cycle time is more than 2 seconds) if need be, to expand the Controller’s search for the string around the calculated trigger time.

1. Hook up Geode in normal configuration to computer Ethernet box. 2. Select Start New Survey. 3. Uncheck Line Tap. 4. Uncheck Aux. 5. Select YES to all pop up menus. 6. Locate lower left corner menu: Seismodule List Window. 7. Note what current loader version under LDVER column of table in Seismodule List Window. (Ex. 2.729) 8. In order to change the LDVER, you must first set up the table in column F from N/A to X by doing the following: 9. Select System pull down menu from the upper task bar. 10. Select Test. 11. Select Update System Board Bios. 12. Select I Agree. 13. Select Browse. 14. To set up table to enable loader version update (LDVER) select the file: GEODEFOR3D-1.0.exe. 15. Select Open. 16. Select Start Burning. 17. Select Yes. 18. Cycle power or shut down controller by using the software. 19. Restart the Geode. 20. Repeat necessary steps to get to Seismodule List Window. 21. Verify value in column is now X. 22. Select System pull down menu from the upper task bar. 23. Select Test. 24. Select Update System Board Bios. 25. Select I Agree. 26. Select Browse. 27. Select from Flash Update File Flash3_703&2_42.exe. 28. Select Start Burning. 29. Select Yes. 30. Verify Power LED light on Geode now blinks 3 seconds on 1 second off. 31. Select OK. 32. Cycle power or shut down controller by using the software.

A seismograph with an active trigger input like the Geode Seismograph or ES-3000 Seismograph can be triggered many different ways. The most commonly used methods are with a trigger switch or a trigger geophone. Typically a trigger switch (known as a hammer switch) is attached to the handle of a sledgehammer near the striking end, so when the sledgehammer is hit against a striker plate to create an active source of energy, the piezoelectric crystal in the hammer switch is activated and the seismograph is triggered to record data along the preset parameters. A trigger geophone does this too, but it is placed near the source itself, and is more commonly used with larger energy sources like a propelled energy generator. If the seismograph isn't triggering with either a hammer switch or a trigger geophone, then the signal may be weak, so turning up the sensitivity could be a workable solution. If the sensitivity is set too high in SCS then false triggers might be encountered. In most situations having the sensitivity set to the middle works best. Depending on where the trigger geophone is it, there may be a difference between when it is triggered and when a hammer switch would have triggered. Especially in soft ground the trigger geophone signal may be delayed. In general the hammer trigger is a more reliable timing device. The differences in trigger time when using a trigger geophone could be due to things like not striking the center of the plate or differences in the strength of the impact. More trigger circuit information: The seismograph can be triggered by shorting the two input pins A and B on the trigger connector of the seismograph. In fact, that is what the hammer switch does (contact closure device) when it impacts a striker plate. The inertia of the impact causes a momentary closure in the device, which in turn, triggers the Geode. There are no internal components that need to be added. Externally, you could construct trigger device or switch, if that is what you desire. If you were to measure the pins on the Trigger connector on your seismograph (pin A +, pin B -) you would see about 5VDC. The trigger circuit will sense a contact closure or a pulse. The Geode trigger input is capacitively coupled, with a 2mS time constant, to the midpoint of a resistive voltage divider. The voltage difference between the two ends of the divider constitute a voltage "window", which size is set by the trigger sensitivity parameter and can range from essentially zero at the highest sensitivity, to about +/- 2.5V at the lowest sensitivity. The Geode triggers (if enabled) if and when the coupled signal exceeds the Window, in either direction. The signal, after the capacitor, is clamped by diodes to the range between the trigger signal ground and +5VDC. The trigger detector output is disabled when the system is disarmed, during a parameter change, and during a shot, up to the trigger hold-off time after the end of the shot. The trigger hold-off time is a parameter set by the user. Preceding the coupling capacitor (i.e., essentially the node accessible at pin A of the external connector), there is a 3.3K-Ohm pull-up resistor to +5VDC (relative to pin B). Also a fast transient suppressor clamps the input at about +/-14VDC. It is advised that the DC + AC level of any voltage applied to pin A relative to pin B be kept within the range of +/-7V, giving some margin of safety. If a DC voltage somewhat less than +5VDC is applied when the connector is first mated, the instrument may trigger at that moment. But, subsequently, because of the capacitive coupling, it will trigger on the next positive or negative going pulse that exceeds the Window level. If the duration of the applied voltage pulse is less than the record length + delay time + hold-off time, then the Geode will effectively be ready to trigger on the same edge of another similar pulse.

Geometrics instruments, such as G-864, MagEx, MagArrow, MagStation et al, communicate with a mobile device via WIFI. But because the instrument WIFI has NO internet access, some Android device, after connecting to the instrument for a while, will automatically start searching for another WIFI access point. To prevent this from happening, when the No Internet Access warning Window pops up after first WiFi connection, choose "Tap for options". On the following Window, check the “Don’t ask again for this network” box and press “Yes” .

Verify BAUD Rate selected on dip switches 6,7,8 Note: according to a customer this is how the switches are set as they are attempting a file transfer at 115200 BAUD. Connect the G-857 to the computer using the download cable and a properly installed USB/RS-232 adaptor. (Must have FTDI): Open the MagMap Software. Select Import>G-857/ASCII 1. Enter known Serial Port (My computer is COM4) 2. BAUD 115200 (Switches 6, 7 and 8 off) 3. Set a good location for the file to written to. 4. Leave Download only, open later unchecked. 5. Leave download time out 2. Select OK. On the G-857 press OUTPUT, ENTER when this Window opens. BYTES DOWNLOADED will begin to increment. Select OK in the Window below: The downloaded Mag file should be displayed: If the download sequence does not happen this way, it is usually a problem with: 1. USB/RS-232 Adaptor not FTDI, or driver not installed. 2. COM PORT assignment incorrect, and/or file destination not valid. 3. BAUD RATE mismatch. 4. Faulty I/O Cable PN 16492-01. 5. Faulty Computer. 6. Faulty G-857 console. Check to make sure that the G-857 is not in Legacy Mode: To check if Legacy Mode is enabled press: AUTO-OUTPUT To turn it off press: AUTO-OUTPUT-CLEAR To Turn on: AUTO-OUTPUT-ENTER If Legacy Mode was on then the recorded data recorded needs to be downloaded as a G-856:

To set the time on a MetalMapperII Panasonic Toughpad tablet: 1) Using the Applications menu, open a terminal Window 2) Set the date and time you want, using the following example as a guide: sudo date -s "2024-02-20 03:25:55 PM PDT" You may need to enter the sudo password (which is the same as the password for the standard "geometrics" user. 3) To change the timezone, use the terminal Window to get a list of timezones: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo // To drill into a region, expand the command as follows: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Pacific Set the local timezone using this command: // Open the timezone file to edit it. You may need to enter your user password sudo mousepad /etc/timezone // Type in the timezone name, of the timezone you want to use, on a single line in the file, for example like this: Pacific/Guam If you want to see your time in UTC, set the timezone to "Etc/UTC". If you want to set the time in UTC, then when you set the time using the "date" command, use UTC as follows: sudo date -s "2024-02-20 03:25:55 PM UTC"

To change the screen brightness on a MetalMapperII Panasonic Toughpad: 1) If you want to type easily, plug a keyboard into the USB socket in the side of the toughpad. Otherwise, use the screen keypad. 2) Open a terminal Window (using the Applications menu). 3) Type the following command: sudo bash -c "echo 892 > /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness" You will need to enter a password, which is the default password for the standard user. To set different levels, replace the number 892 with other numbers. 892 is the maximum number allowed; lower numbers will result in a dimmer screen. The change should take place immediately. Then close the terminal Window and return to normal use.

Standard Procedure on Registering SCS Software Here's our standard procedure on registering the SCS (Seismic Controller Software): The latest version of the SCS is 11.1.69, which is used for Windows Operating Systems up to and including W-10 64 bit computers. Within the zip file you will find instructions as well as the installation file. Note: Installing the WinPcap is mandatory! After installing, you will need to register. In order for us to issue the correct SCS registration we will need additional information. The preferred method is: 1. From the “Registration Window” select “Send Email or Save File to Disk”. 2. Fill out the report, to include serial number of seismograph. (type 0000 in sales No. field if not known) 3. Save the file to your computer. 4. Send an email with the file attached or embedded to: rrivera@geometrics.com and/or support@geometrics.com. We will then remit with a 40 character alphanumeric string that you can paste into the same “Registration Window.” Please understand that the SCS can be installed onto as many computers as you wish, yet each installation will generate its own unique user code and therefore need to be registered.

Standard Procedure on Registering SCS Software Here's our standard procedure on registering the SCS (Seismic Controller Software): The latest version of the SCS is 11.1.69, which is used for Windows Operating Systems up to and including W-10 64 bit computers. Within the zip file you will find instructions as well as the installation file. Note: Installing the WinPcap is mandatory! After installing, you will need to register. In order for us to issue the correct SCS registration we will need additional information. The preferred method is: 1. From the “Registration Window” select “Send Email or Save File to Disk”. 2. Fill out the report, to include serial number of seismograph. (type 0000 in sales No. field if not known) 3. Save the file to your computer. 4. Send an email with the file attached or embedded to: rrivera@geometrics.com and/or support@geometrics.com. We will then remit with a 40 character alphanumeric string that you can paste into the same “Registration Window.” Please understand that the SCS can be installed onto as many computers as you wish, yet each installation will generate its own unique user code and therefore need to be registered.

What Affects Geode Trigger Cycle Times? If you're trying to optimize your Geode system for faster trigger cycles—especially in high-repeat environments—there are a few key factors to consider. The goal is to ensure that the system completes its entire cycle (trigger → recording → data transfer → re-arming) before the next expected trigger. Here’s what influences that cycle: 🧠 Core Factors That Affect Cycle Times 1. File Size (Sampling Parameters) Your sample interval and record length directly affect the size of each data file.You can view the resulting file size in the Acquisition Parameters menu.Larger files take longer to transfer, which delays the re-arm process. 2. Data Transfer Rate The Geode typically transfers data at around 450–465 kb/sec.Reducing file size is the best way to reduce transfer time and speed up the cycle. 3. Calibration Frequency By default, the system may attempt to calibrate every N shots, which takes additional time.Go to Options > Calibration and set "calibrate every N shots" to a large number (e.g., 100000) to prevent unnecessary delays. 4. Recording Delay and Record Length If you're operating in a region with a consistently deep seafloor, you can add a recording delay and reduce record length accordingly.Example: If the water column is always >0.3s, you can apply a delay of 0.2s and reduce record length by the same amount.This trims your file size and speeds up the transfer/re-arm process. ⚙️ Best Practices Use the Auto-Trigger function or set trigger sensitivity to the maximum value for testing.Monitor the cycle timing and adjust acquisition parameters to stay within your trigger Window.It's often an iterative process to find the ideal configuration for your environment.

The reason why the tablet lost connection with the sensor is because the G-864 WIFI has no internet access. The tablet will try to switch to another WIFI with internet access and disconnect from the G-864. To prevent this from happening, in the warning Window of the tablet, select "don't ask again for this network" and click "Yes". Please remember to do this after you have used the tablet to access the internet.

Question: Under the Geom>Survey Mode appears a Window with "Refraction and Other." Before it was refraction and reflection. Now "other" means? Thanks for your help! Thank you for reaching out. The manuals and technical documentation on our website and our new forum are good resources for questions regarding your hardware and software. "When you are in Refraction Mode, the seismic software treats some of the data scaling operations differently. Autoscaling operations are done based on the amplitude of the noise before the first breaks to minimize the amount of manual scaling that may be necessary. In Reflection or Other Mode, trace autoscaling is done by normalizing each trace to the maximum value of the trace shown on the display. Note: These are display features only – they do not affect the actual data. Refraction data acquired while in reflection or other mode, and vice versa, are perfectly valid."

Can the Self Trigger function (extra purchased option) replace the conventional trigger (hammer switch) and trigger extension cables typically used in refraction work? Self-Triggering doesn’t provide sufficient timing accuracy to work for refraction surveys. For refraction interpretation, the accuracy of the absolute travel time between source event and arrival at the geophone must be on the order of ≤ 5 milliseconds. This cannot be achieved with the self-triggering processes. This is because the self-triggering option works by breaking the data into small'Time Windows' and comparing the energy levels in these against the average background energy. These time Windows and the ratio values are chosen by the user, so accuracy will depend upon the length of the Window and how tightly you can specify the change in energy levels. In cases where you don't have a trigger switch, you can set up the Geode to provide pre-trigger data and place a geophone close to the source. The extra geophone acts as a trigger and will start the survey at T = 0. For more information, click here