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| # | Post Title | Result Info | Date | User | Forum |
| RE: Correct grounding technique for Geode seismographs | 1 Relevance | 1 year ago | Rui Zhang | Hardware | |
| Hi Anton, We are not aware of any special grounding schemes for a large number of modules. In dealing with EMI interference, our experience is that you need to individually ground each Geode - how you do it depends on the conditions you are in, but generally a Metal stake with a wire to the grounding post is the best you can do. Sometimes adding a little water to the soil around the stake can help. We have seen a majority of this Type of noise occur in highly resistive environments (dry sands or hard rock), and grounding can help. If you are able to orient the lines perpendicular to the transmission lines that can also help. In general, with high voltage lines, the emanating field (50 or 60Hz) is likely coupling into the spread cable. Each geophone pair in the spread cable is a big antenna, but the pairs are twisted so any signal induce in one will also be induced (in varying degrees) into its neighboring wire. This will lead to a common mode voltage at the input to each Geode channel. So it would depend upon the common mode rejection (CMR) of the Geode’s input amplifier to reject this common mode signal. But the CMR of an amplifier is finite, and if the common mode signal is large, the common mode range of a given channel can be exceeded leading to the 50 or 60 signal being amplified by the front end differentially resulting in a lot of noise. This can happen even with very good CMR. Also any unevenness in the spread cable pair twists will result in a differential signal which will be amplified by the system. We would also suggest trying the lower gain setting, in case the front end is being over driven. You may need a bigger source to overcome the loss of amplification, but if you can get data, even with substantial 50 60z noise, a post processing 50 or 60Hz filter may be able to clean up the record enough to be useable. We haven’t tried this, but if everything else failed then this might be worth trying: It is possible that the noise is being induced in to the coils of the geophones. If that’s the case, then putting a metal can over the affected geophones might help. Note that the cans might have to be grounded with a metal stake driven into the earth. | |||||
| Setting the time on a MetalMapperII tablet | 1 Relevance | 2 years ago | Magnetics SW | MetalMapper | |
| To set the time on a MetalMapperII Panasonic Toughpad tablet: 1) Using the Applications menu, open a terminal window 2) Set the date and time you want, using the following example as a guide: sudo date -s "2024-02-20 03:25:55 PM PDT" You may need to enter the sudo password (which is the same as the password for the standard "geometrics" user. 3) To change the timezone, use the terminal window to get a list of timezones: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo // To drill into a region, expand the command as follows: ls /usr/share/zoneinfo/Pacific Set the local timezone using this command: // Open the timezone file to edit it. You may need to enter your user password sudo mousepad /etc/timezone // Type in the timezone name, of the timezone you want to use, on a single line in the file, for example like this: Pacific/Guam If you want to see your time in UTC, set the timezone to "Etc/UTC". If you want to set the time in UTC, then when you set the time using the "date" command, use UTC as follows: sudo date -s "2024-02-20 03:25:55 PM UTC" | |||||
| Installing Magnetometer Software | 1 Relevance | 2 years ago | Magnetics SW | General Magnetometer Info | |
| Software releases for Geometrics magnetometers usually include multiple softwares to be installed. Check the installation package that you've received and follow the instructions below that apply to your instrument's release: Installing MagNav - For instruments that use the MagNav Android app to acquire data, copy the dot-APK file in the installation package to a USB drive, then follow the instructions in this video from the Geometrics YouTube library: MagNav Installation instructions. Installing the instrument software - To install new software in the instrument (the backpack, or wand, or other physical instrument), remove the USB drive from the instrument and insert it into the USB socket on your Windows laptop or desktop. Run the program setup file; when it asks for a directory to place the file, choose the USB's main or root directory (d:\, or e:\, for example). Select a simple password (the main purpose of the password is to prevent logins from devices that are looking for open networks), a default channel (4 is a good choice), and let the install complete. Use the "Eject" functionality in Windows file explorer (to make sure that the install files are correctly written to the USB drive), then remove it from the Windows machine, place it into the USB socket in the instrument, and then reboot the instrument. During boot-up, the instrument will install the new software that it discovers on the USB drive. Installing SurveyManager - Execute the setup file from the release, on the Windows computer on which you plan to run the software. Installing MagArrowConverter - If you plan to use the command-line export function for MagArrow data, run the MagArrowConverter setup file. Because this program is executed from a command line, don't use the default installation path suggested by the install; instead, choose a location that will easy to Type, and that doesn't include spaces, for example c:\mag, or something similar. | |||||
| GNSS Anomalies | 1 Relevance | 2 years ago | Magnetics SW | General Magnetometer Info | |
| The Geometrics magnetometer softwares check for some uncommon anomalies in GNSS location and timing messages in data collected with the G-864, MagEx, and MagArrow instruments. These anomalies have occurred in data from a few instruments: Extra PPS timing signals – Sometimes the PPS sensor in the instrument receives an extra timing signal that’s out of phase with the normal 1-second interval. These are almost always easily identified and discarded. GNSS timing anomalies – Very rarely, the GNSS appears to change its mind about the current time or location. For example, after recording a time at 06:30:21, the next measurement – received one second later – might show a time of 6:30:15 – 16 seconds earlier. GNSS location anomalies – A GNSS timing jump may be accompanied by a location jump. Geometrics’ software now makes additional checks for these anomalies, corrects them when possible, and reports them if they affect the use or visualization of the data. Some of the checking is in the instruments, some in MagNav, and some in Survey Manager. Users will notice these anomalies and the functionality to repair and report them in these ways: During import or export, the software identifies an anomaly. If it’s judged to be worth reporting – most likely because it affects the reported locations of magnetometer readings – then it is logged and the user asked to review the log file. The user exports data and notices something unusual, for example a discontinuity in the GNSS times or locations. The customer should review the software’s log files for additional information. These anomalies are unusual; the Type where the GPS changes its mind about the time or location is exceedingly rare and will never be seen by most customers. The main effect of the new functionality is that the data validation process will now be more visible to users. | |||||
| MagArrow Altitude FAQ | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Application | |
| There are many things that don’t work as well at high altitude. Many of these don’t apply to the MagArrow such as LCDs, can Type electrolytic capacitors, hard drives, sealed keyboards, and High Voltage flashover points. What could possibly be an issue are the LiPo batteries, thermal cooling reduction at lower pressures, and the sealed MagArrow case. MagArrow Case: While the body of the MagArrow is sealed tight, it is not sealed enough to puff out or get crushed with altitude changes. This hasn’t been tested. LiPo Batteries: These are not altitude rated. The failure mode is shorted cells and fire. Thermal Cooling: This could be measured in a pressure chamber using the internal temperature monitor diodes. We would have to rent time in the chamber to do the measurement. We might also make a stab at calculating the temperature increase. 30,000 feet is about 3 PSIA compared to 14 PSIA at sea level. There is no altitude restriction on the MagArrow, but flying at high altitudes is taken at the users risk. | |||||
| Understand Dead-zone, Heading Error, and their importance for the MagArrow | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Application | |
| Dead-Zones The MagArrow is a dual sensor magnetometer powered by MFAM sensors, but it is configured for use so it only has a single data output. The reason Geometrics has done this is so we could ensure the MagArrow encounters no "dead-zones". A dead-zone occurs when the orientation of a magnetometer results in the magnetometer producing poor or no measurements. The dead-zone angle depends on the location of survey. Since we have the two MagArrow MFAM sensors in orthogonal orientations, the MagArrow Magnetometer has operability worldwide without affecting survey orientation, making it much easier to use for the customer. Heading Errors Heading errors are a Type of noise magnetometers can experience. They come from three sources: Sensor Console Operator Magnetic materials in the sensor itself are the primary cause of heading errors. The physics of Cesium and Potassium magnetometers can contribute small amounts to the total heading error. Magnetic contamination near the sensors, operating electronics, or operator can all contribute to heading error. Heading errors look like herringbone patterns in survey images. Alternate lines can also be corrugated. Dead-Zones vs Heading Errors while these two sources of error in magnetic data are different, there is overlap between them when operating a magnetometer like the MagArrow. Heading errors can be fixed relatively easily in software, where dead zones can be much harder to manage. If a line is completely ruined because of a dead zone then they will need to re-fly the line/mission which is time consuming. Even with advanced users, these sorts of mishaps can happen. Additionally, the closer a mag sensor operates to a dead-zone, the larger a heading error will be measured. With compensation software and a pre-survey heading error flight, heading error can be reduced dramatically to around 1 nT for the MagArrow. Click to view the difference between Raw and Processed MagArrow Data The MagArrow is only outputting a single value as a means to create a “no-dead-zone” system. Obviously each sensor has a dead zone themselves, but with the sensors orientated orthogonally at least one sensor at all times will have a magnetic measurement. By combining the measurements from both sensors it is possible to generate a constant magnetic field measurement independent of orientation and location in the world. If the data from each MFAM sensor in the MagArrow was individually reported there would be gaps in the mag fields observed by either sensor as you fly, rotate, and swing. | |||||
| Why you Need a Magnetometer Base Station | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Application | |
| Your need of a magnetometer base station like the G-862RBS depends on the objective of the survey. If one is performing a geologic survey to investigate deep structure (exploration for mineral deposits, oil/gas, geology) then the wavelengths of the "target" body are typically “long” (long in meters, therefore long in data acquisition time). The rate at which the Earth's natural magnetic field responds to interaction with the solar wind is also typically many seconds to minutes (diurnal variations). Since the geologic and diurnal variations are of similar wavelengths, a geologic mag survey usually requires a base station. Please read the introductory sections of the Applications Manual for Portable Magnetometers offered on our website for more details. If you are moving fast (fast in the sense of a brisk walk, ~1m/s) and looking for small targets (UXO, archaeological artifacts, environmental targets like drums, pipes, etc.) then you are “up and over” them in a matter of seconds and typically the earth’s field does not change in this time frame. So there is less need for a base station for these Type surveys. Of course, it never hurts to have a base station running and if you are surveying over multiple days, having a reference station will allow easier “block leveling” of multiple day surveys. | |||||
| Understanding Acquisition Filters in Seismographs - Their Use and how to Filter | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Low Cut: , 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 70, 100, 140, 200, 250, 280, 400 Notch: 50, 60, 150, 180 High Cut: 32, 64,125, 250, 500 or 1000 Hz The first recommendation for cases when you are having trouble getting sufficient signal to noise would be to increase your signal via stacking the data with multiple source events or get a more powerful seismic source. This will usually produce better results than the application of filters. Another approach would be acquire data when the noise sources are less present. That may mean collecting data at night when the area is closed or the traffic is less. Early morning can be better for areas where the wind tends to increase during the day. The selection of filters is very site dependent and can depend on a variety of factors as well as the Type of survey being performed. 1) Typically the Notch filters are to remove noise due to electrical power lines (50 or 60 Hz and their harmonic frequencies depending on the country you are in). 2) Low cut filters are generally used for noise due to wind and moving vehicles, but care must be taken not to remove too much bandwidth from generated seismic signal. Often the noise sources have the same frequencies as the seismic data you are interested in and can’t be effectively removed using frequency filtering. 3) High cut filters can be used to remove noise from high frequency vibratory signals such as compressors or airplanes. In general it is best to record the data without any frequency filters and filter in post processing or only on the displayed data in our software. It will be a matter of experimentation to determine the best filters at your site. Modern 24-bit seismographs (Geode, Stratavisor, ES-3000, etc) have a much wider range of signal amplitudes that they can record accurately. This means that they can still accurately record smaller seismic signals even in the presence of larger noise signals. Therefore there is a reduced need for analog filters that are applied prior to digitization of the signals. Digital filters are more flexible and can be more specifically applied to the noise that is recorded rather than the “Broader Brush” of analog filters. Digital filters also have the benefit of being able to go back to the original data if the wrong filter is applied, which is not the case with Analog filters. The general approach in the seismic industry is now to record everything – including the noise – and the filter out what you don’t want later. | |||||
| Channel remapping in SGOS | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Channel Remapping Channel remapping allows you to change: the order of channels on each analog spread cable that connects to the Geode reorder the Geode boxes. You would use this option if your cables were wired opposite to the default order normally used in Geometrics wiring, if you wished to turn your line around to have the low channels at the opposite end, or if your cables had a wiring error. Channel remapping is also often necessary when using more that a single network cable. Default cable wiring of Geometrics seismographs Default order is defined as the natural electrical order in which channels are oriented when the system first powers up before remapping. Refer to Section 3 under Connector Wiring that discusses standard wiring configurations. You may have requested a custom wiring configuration from Geometrics. If you are confused about your wiring, contact the factory and refer to the serial number and job number. Geode cables are typically wired in a ‘high-side configuration’, meaning that the Geode connects closest to the highest numbered channel on the analog cable. The 149 figure above shows this configuration for a single box system, with 24 channels. Multiple Geodes The following diagram shows a default single digital line (one network card) system with 3 Geodes. Note that Geode one is always closest to the controller in a default configuration. Multiple Network Lines The next diagram below shows a default configuration with two digital lines (two network cards) with the controller positioned in the middle. Line 1 is on the left and line 2 is on the right. One might use two lines to increase data throughput to reduce time between shots. Like the configuration above, the Geodes are numbered starting closest to the controller. The seismic controller software labels all of the channels contiguously even though they are on two separate digital lines. However, if the lines are collinear, the first line will have the channels ordered backwards. This can be easily rectified with the remapping feature. There are two ways of remapping channels: automatic mode and manual mode. Automatic mode settings are listed on the top of the remapping dialog box, and manual mode on the bottom. Automatic Channel Remapping Automatic channel remapping allows you to reverse either the order of the Geodes on the line, or reverse the order of the channels on the spread cable. The above diagram shows the result after both channels and Geodes have been reversed, renumbering the line so that low channels start on the left hand side and increase towards the right. In the dialog box, the automatic remapping boxes referencing line 2 remain unchecked, since the default orientation on line two was correct. Manual Channel Remapping Channels can be remapped on an individual basis using the Manual Map Mode. Select the appropriate check box, and enter the order in which you would like the channels that differs from the default order. You can specify individual channels separated by a comma (1, 3, 4, 6 etc) or a range of channels (1-13, 24-14 etc). For example, if you wanted the channels ordered backwards on a 24-channel system, you would enter 24-1. If you wished to reverse the order of channels 1- 12 in a 24 channel system, you would Type 12-1, 13-24. Other examples are shown opposite, and are available by pressing the See Examples button on the remapping menu. | |||||
| SGOS Calibration | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Standard Procedure on Registering SCS Software Here's our standard procedure on registering the SCS (Seismic Controller Software): The latest version of the SCS is 11.1.69, which is used for Windows Operating Systems up to and including W-10 64 bit computers. Within the zip file you will find instructions as well as the installation file. Note: Installing the WinPcap is mandatory! After installing, you will need to register. In order for us to issue the correct SCS registration we will need additional information. The preferred method is: 1. From the “Registration Window” select “Send Email or Save File to Disk”. 2. Fill out the report, to include serial number of seismograph. (type 0000 in sales No. field if not known) 3. Save the file to your computer. 4. Send an email with the file attached or embedded to: rrivera@geometrics.com and/or support@geometrics.com. We will then remit with a 40 character alphanumeric string that you can paste into the same “Registration Window.” Please understand that the SCS can be installed onto as many computers as you wish, yet each installation will generate its own unique user code and therefore need to be registered. | |||||
| SCS Registration Procedure (SGOS/MGOS) | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Standard Procedure on Registering SCS Software Here's our standard procedure on registering the SCS (Seismic Controller Software): The latest version of the SCS is 11.1.69, which is used for Windows Operating Systems up to and including W-10 64 bit computers. Within the zip file you will find instructions as well as the installation file. Note: Installing the WinPcap is mandatory! After installing, you will need to register. In order for us to issue the correct SCS registration we will need additional information. The preferred method is: 1. From the “Registration Window” select “Send Email or Save File to Disk”. 2. Fill out the report, to include serial number of seismograph. (type 0000 in sales No. field if not known) 3. Save the file to your computer. 4. Send an email with the file attached or embedded to: rrivera@geometrics.com and/or support@geometrics.com. We will then remit with a 40 character alphanumeric string that you can paste into the same “Registration Window.” Please understand that the SCS can be installed onto as many computers as you wish, yet each installation will generate its own unique user code and therefore need to be registered. | |||||
| RE: What Fluid can I use in my Geometrics Proton Precession Magnetometer? | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Ken Smith | Hardware | |
| A bit more about option #4: In Canada many people call this "Varsol" even though that is a brand name rather than the real name of the chemical. The term "odorless" really means that it doesn't smell nearly as much as the other Type of mineral spirits. It still has a smell that is strong enough to be easily noticed. | |||||
| Can a Magnetometer Detect Gold | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | General Magnetometer Info | |
| There are basically three Types of "gold": low concentration disseminated gold in ore, placer gold deposits and solid gold such as that associated with treasure. Magnetometers are used to find disseminated gold by its association with mineralized zones which also contain magnetite or other magnetic minerals. Magnetometers are often used in conjunction with airborne electromagnetic surveys to find the conductive ore bodies. Placer gold is the Type found in buried stream channels such as the gold which sparked the California gold-rush in 1849. Gold dust and magnetic minerals have been concentrated in river banks over thousands of years. Where there is gold there is often magnetite and therefore the magnetometer can be used to locate placer gold deposits. Gold treasure is a different story and being non-magnetic gold, silver, and other precious minerals are not directly detectable by the magnetometer. The magnetometer can only detect ferrous (iron or steel) objects. If the gold is stored in an iron box or has iron materials next to the gold (such as colonial ship ballast stones in the marine environment), there is the possibility of detecting the iron material. This is true for land and marine (sunken galleon) gold bullion. The vast majority of target search surveys are performed on a grid in a "lawn mower" back and forth manner to cover the area of interest. Lane spacing is dependent on target size (magnetic mass). At a sensor to target distance of 2 to 3 meters there will need to be at least 1-2 kilograms of iron. This can produce a 1-2 nT anomaly that is detectable in a magnetically clean environment. The ideal environment would be in a plowed farm field or the bottom of the ocean away from human activity i.e., away from a port or harbor. You will probably not be able to detect this small of an anomaly in a city or port location. The more iron mass there is, the better the chance of detecting it. Training to use the magnetometer can take 1-2 days depending on experience with setting up computerized survey equipment and a GPS. Processing the magnetic data requires several days of training and would require a geophysical background to interpret the final maps. We provide free software to make maps and estimate the target depth of burial (inversion). If you are unfamiliar with this procedure, we would recommend that you find a local geotechnical firm to look at the data to determine if there are anomalies that should be investigated further. Remembering that non-ferrous materials do not cause anomalies (gold, silver, copper, brass, aluminum, gems) you will be looking for anomalies either associated with the container OR associated with ground disturbance (i.e., gravesite). In this way some anomalies can be detected where there has been an excavation such as a gravesite. In order to understand the process more fully, we strongly suggest that you download and read the Applications Manual for Portable Magnetometers. Other additional resources are available. Understanding how the magnetometer functions and how the earth’s field responds to distortions due to ferrous materials will help you make good decisions about how to interpret and use the data to direct recovery or exploration efforts. | |||||
| Estimating Depth to Basement | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | General Magnetometer Info | |
| Magnetic surveying as a means of estimating depth to basement requires the collection of a data set that can be processed to yield the average radial power spectra as a function of survey position. The assumption here is that the basement rocks are much more magnetic that the overlying sediment and make a much greater contribution to the observed magnetic anomalies than do the sediments at the longer spatial wavelengths. This Type of power spectral analysis relies on accurate data that are extensive in two dimensions relative to both the depth of the basement and the aerial extent of structural high that you seek. If the data are not extensive, the spatial truncation of the data set will limit power spectra to short wave lengths and this is likely to bias the spectra power average yielding a poor estimate of depth to basement. If this discussion intrigues you, contact Magnetometer Sales for a more thorough discussion. | |||||
| What are the differences between LCS050G (Low-Noise) vs. LCS100S (SuperMag) modules | 1 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Hardware | |
| Differences between LCS050G (Low-Noise) vs. LCS100S (SuperMag) modules Q. What is the difference between LCS050G (Low Noise) and LCS100S (SuperMag)? Is different firmware the only thing that separates the Low-Noise version from SuperMag version? Or are there mechanical differences in how the sensors are constructed? A.The firmware is different, but that is not the only difference. We also build our sensors in two different groups - A and B - to satisfy the different requirements for each version. Group A satisfies SuperMag specs, while group B meets the Low-Noise specs (please refer to the datasheet). Each SuperMag must have 2 Group A sensors. Q. The sensors in the SuperMag are physically mounted in a configuration to eliminate the dead zones. Could a customer mount their Low-Noise version of the sensors into the same 'no Dead Zone' configuration, then run a simple script to accept only good data so that if one sensor goes into a dead zone, the firmware will automatically switch to record the data from the second sensor? Obviously Geometrics performs some magic when combining the data in the firmware, but that doesn't necessarily preclude a customer from trying to make a "SuperMag" Type system with their Low-Noise sensors, right? A. In principle, yes. Customers can write their own script to combine the readings from each sensor to achieve the dead-zone-free operation. However, smoothing out the combined reading when one sensor’s reading drops out is pretty tricky. In addition, the heading effect will be much worse (determined by the heading effect of individual sensors) if customers choose to combine individual magnetometer readings instead of using the SuperMag dead-zone-free mode. Q. Can I upgrade my Low-Noise sensors to the SuperMag version? Would I have to send my unit to Geometrics' Customer Support or could you simply provide the new firmware so that the instrument behaves like a SuperMag? A. Yes, it is possible to upgrade your firmware, but this process requires you to return the instrument to us. However, Geometrics will NOT guarantee the SuperMag specs in this case since LCS050G still has Group B sensors. The only way to guarantee SuperMag specs is to purchase the SuperMag sensors. Please contact us us for more information. | |||||
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