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| # | Post Title | Result Info | Date | User | Forum |
| Stacking waveform data (SEG2) files using Pickwin | 13 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Stacking waveform data (SEG2) files using Pickwin Make sure your dimension size is large enough. To start, select "option", then "Dimension size". If the maximum traces is smaller than the total number of traces, increase the maximum traces, check “Change dimension size” and click “OK” to change dimension size. Open one waveform file as usual. Open another waveform file as usual. Choose “Append to present data”. If you want to change the color of traces depending on files, change component (2 to 10), check “Change” and click “OK”. Note that color does not affect stacking. Trace color is shown below. If you uncheck the “Change”, all traces are shown black. Confirm total number of traces. Two waveform files are shown together. Make sure there is no time difference between shots. After importing 3rd file. After importing 4th file. Make sure there is no time difference among shots. Confirm total number of traces.. All waveform files are shown together. Make sure there is no time difference among shots. Select “Processing”, “Vertical stack”. Select “a. Average” and click “OK”. You may select “Semblance” or “Semblance weighted stack” to emphasize coherent signal. Stacked data is shown. | |||||
| Stacking Technical Note | 11 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Stacking is a complicated topic, and warrants its own technical note. Which stacking features are available and how they work depends which modes you are in. There are three main mode “groups”: SAVE, CORRELATION, AND STACK. Within those are sub modes whose names indicate their function. Save Autosave Manual Save Correlation No correlation Standard correlation Stack before Correlation Stack after Correlation Random Source Correlation Stack Autostack Replace There is a complicated interplay between the above modes and between these modes and the stack options: Stack polarity Display Intermediate Stacks Unstack Delay We will examine each possible combination in rough order of popularity Modes: Manual save , No correlation, Autostack This is the most common configuration used in refraction and downhole surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked Each stacked record is displayed as the stack count increments The stack count continues to increment with each shot until you clear the data, even if you save the data sometime in the process. Stack Polarity can be changed at any time. This is most often used in shear wave surveys where reverse-polarity stacking is required. Unstack Delay gives you the option to unstack the most recent stack; for example, setting the stack count from 4 back to 3. The data will be held in a temporary buffer for n seconds, during which time you can choose whether to stack or not. If you do nothing, the data will be automatically stacked after n seconds, and unstacking will be no longer be an option for that stack. If Unstack Delay is set to zero, this feature is disabled. Modes: Auto Save, No correlation, Autostack This is the most common configuration used in impulsive reflection surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the data are saved automatically. Data are automatically cleared and the stack count is reset to one the next time the seismograph triggers after saving the data. Stack Polarity is generally left set to Positive. Displaying intermediate stacks is optional. Disabulng this option results in faster production, since the data do not need to be sent over the network with every stack. Modes: Auto Save, Standard Correlation, Stack Before Correlation This is the most common configuration used in swept-source reflection surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the data are saved automatically. Data are automatically cleared and the stack count is reset to one the next time the seismograph triggers after saving the data. Data are stacked in raw, uncorrelated form in the Geodes, and are not sent to the PC until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the stacked raw record is correlated in the Geode (with the most recent pilot), sent to the PC, and saved. Modes: Auto Save, Standard Correlation, Stack After Correlation This is the most common configuration used in Random Source (mini-Sosie) reflection surveys. Each shot is automatically stacked until the Stack ulmit is reached. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the data are saved automatically. Data are automatically cleared and the stack count is reset to one the next time the seismograph triggers after saving the data. Each individual record is correlated with its own pilot and stacked in correlated form in the Geodes. Displaying intermediate, correlated stacks is optional. When the Stack ulmit is reached, the stacked, correlated record is sent to the PC and saved. Modes: Auto Save, Replace This is the most common configuration used in Continuous Recording surveys. Each stack is replaced by the previous. If Auto Save is not enabled, the previous stack is lost. If Auto Save is on the Stack ulmit is hard-coded to 1. Each shot is displayed. | |||||
| Channel remapping in SGOS | 11 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Channel Remapping Channel remapping allows you to change: the order of channels on each analog spread cable that connects to the Geode reorder the Geode boxes. You would use this option if your cables were wired opposite to the default order normally used in Geometrics wiring, if you wished to turn your line around to have the low channels at the opposite end, or if your cables had a wiring error. Channel remapping is also often necessary when using more that a single network cable. Default cable wiring of Geometrics seismographs Default order is defined as the natural electrical order in which channels are oriented when the system first powers up before remapping. Refer to Section 3 under Connector Wiring that discusses standard wiring configurations. You may have requested a custom wiring configuration from Geometrics. If you are confused about your wiring, contact the factory and refer to the serial number and job number. Geode cables are typically wired in a ‘high-side configuration’, meaning that the Geode connects closest to the highest numbered channel on the analog cable. The 149 figure above shows this configuration for a single box system, with 24 channels. Multiple Geodes The following diagram shows a default single digital line (one network card) system with 3 Geodes. Note that Geode one is always closest to the controller in a default configuration. Multiple Network Lines The next diagram below shows a default configuration with two digital lines (two network cards) with the controller positioned in the middle. Line 1 is on the left and line 2 is on the right. One might use two lines to increase data throughput to reduce time between shots. Like the configuration above, the Geodes are numbered starting closest to the controller. The seismic controller software labels all of the channels contiguously even though they are on two separate digital lines. However, if the lines are collinear, the first line will have the channels ordered backwards. This can be easily rectified with the remapping feature. There are two ways of remapping channels: automatic mode and manual mode. Automatic mode settings are listed on the top of the remapping dialog box, and manual mode on the bottom. Automatic Channel Remapping Automatic channel remapping allows you to reverse either the order of the Geodes on the line, or reverse the order of the channels on the spread cable. The above diagram shows the result after both channels and Geodes have been reversed, renumbering the line so that low channels start on the left hand side and increase towards the right. In the dialog box, the automatic remapping boxes referencing line 2 remain unchecked, since the default orientation on line two was correct. Manual Channel Remapping Channels can be remapped on an individual basis using the Manual Map Mode. Select the appropriate check box, and enter the order in which you would like the channels that differs from the default order. You can specify individual channels separated by a comma (1, 3, 4, 6 etc) or a range of channels (1-13, 24-14 etc). For example, if you wanted the channels ordered backwards on a 24-channel system, you would enter 24-1. If you wished to reverse the order of channels 1- 12 in a 24 channel system, you would type 12-1, 13-24. Other examples are shown opposite, and are available by pressing the See Examples button on the remapping menu. | |||||
| Quick Download Process for the G-857 Magnetometer | 7 Relevance | 10 months ago | Wei Jiang | Hardware | |
| Verify BAUD Rate selected on dip switches 6,7,8 Note: according to a customer this is how the switches are set as they are attempting a file transfer at 115200 BAUD. Connect the G-857 to the computer using the download cable and a properly installed USB/RS-232 adaptor. (Must have FTDI): Open the MagMap Software. Select Import>G-857/ASCII 1. Enter known Serial Port (My computer is COM4) 2. BAUD 115200 (Switches 6, 7 and 8 off) 3. Set a good location for the file to written to. 4. Leave Download only, open later unchecked. 5. Leave download time out 2. Select OK. On the G-857 press OUTPUT, ENTER when this window opens. BYTES DOWNLOADED will begin to increment. Select OK in the window below: The downloaded Mag file should be displayed: If the download sequence does not happen this way, it is usually a problem with: 1. USB/RS-232 Adaptor not FTDI, or driver not installed. 2. COM PORT assignment incorrect, and/or file destination not valid. 3. BAUD RATE mismatch. 4. Faulty I/O Cable PN 16492-01. 5. Faulty Computer. 6. Faulty G-857 console. Check to make sure that the G-857 is not in Legacy Mode: To check if Legacy Mode is enabled press: AUTO-OUTPUT To turn it off press: AUTO-OUTPUT-CLEAR To Turn on: AUTO-OUTPUT-ENTER If Legacy Mode was on then the recorded data recorded needs to be downloaded as a G-856: | |||||
| Does using a magnetometer pose a health risk? | 6 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | General Magnetometer Info | |
| The cesium used in our magnetometers is the non-radioactive elemental metal, isotope Cs 133. We employ approximately 120 to 240 micrograms of cesium metal in the sensor divided between the lamp and absorption cell. These are small glass ampules, each containing a volume of 1/32 to 1/16 of a cubic millimeter of cesium. If either or both the lamp and cell should break the cesium will instantaneously react with the air and moisture in the air to become Cs2O and/or CsOH. Both compounds are caustic but the quantity is so small that it is of no health concern. Finally, the lamp and the cell ampules are contained in a G10 housing that is then contained inside a sealed PVC housing. If the sensor should cease working due to a broken lamp and/or cell, it is not field repairable. Return the sensor to Geometrics for repair, replacement and/or disposal. | |||||
| Magnetic Properties of Stainless Steel | 3 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | General Magnetometer Info | |
| All of the 300 series stainless (austenitic) steel is considered to be weakly magnetic in its annealed state. These include the common 303, 304, and 316 alloys. 18-8 stainless is another name for 304 stainless (18% chromium and 8% nickel). Surprisingly it is the nickel content in the stainless that makes the steel less magnetic. Nickel usually makes things more magnetic in other metals. The 400 series are very magnetic (martensitic). They do not contain nickel. 17-4 stainless is a different class of stainless, and contains a little nickel (4%) but has other stuff in it that makes it magnetic. To make it even more confusing: All stainless steels, including the 300 series, become very magnetic when hardened. A soft ductile 316 stainless cotter pin is not very magnetic, but a 316 stainless spring is highly magnetic. If it is stainless and "springy" it will most likely be very magnetic. | |||||
| Understanding Acquisition Filters in Seismographs - Their Use and how to Filter | 3 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Low Cut: , 10, 15, 25, 35, 50, 70, 100, 140, 200, 250, 280, 400 Notch: 50, 60, 150, 180 High Cut: 32, 64,125, 250, 500 or 1000 Hz The first recommendation for cases when you are having trouble getting sufficient signal to noise would be to increase your signal via stacking the data with multiple source events or get a more powerful seismic source. This will usually produce better results than the application of filters. Another approach would be acquire data when the noise sources are less present. That may mean collecting data at night when the area is closed or the traffic is less. Early morning can be better for areas where the wind tends to increase during the day. The selection of filters is very site dependent and can depend on a variety of factors as well as the type of survey being performed. 1) Typically the Notch filters are to remove noise due to electrical power lines (50 or 60 Hz and their harmonic frequencies depending on the country you are in). 2) Low cut filters are generally used for noise due to wind and moving vehicles, but care must be taken not to remove too much bandwidth from generated seismic signal. Often the noise sources have the same frequencies as the seismic data you are interested in and can’t be effectively removed using frequency filtering. 3) High cut filters can be used to remove noise from high frequency vibratory signals such as compressors or airplanes. In general it is best to record the data without any frequency filters and filter in post processing or only on the displayed data in our software. It will be a matter of experimentation to determine the best filters at your site. Modern 24-bit seismographs (Geode, Stratavisor, ES-3000, etc) have a much wider range of signal amplitudes that they can record accurately. This means that they can still accurately record smaller seismic signals even in the presence of larger noise signals. Therefore there is a reduced need for analog filters that are applied prior to digitization of the signals. Digital filters are more flexible and can be more specifically applied to the noise that is recorded rather than the “Broader Brush” of analog filters. Digital filters also have the benefit of being able to go back to the original data if the wrong filter is applied, which is not the case with Analog filters. The general approach in the seismic industry is now to record everything – including the noise – and the filter out what you don’t want later. | |||||
| SGOS Calibration | 3 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Standard Procedure on Registering SCS Software Here's our standard procedure on registering the SCS (Seismic Controller Software): The latest version of the SCS is 11.1.69, which is used for Windows Operating Systems up to and including W-10 64 bit computers. Within the zip file you will find instructions as well as the installation file. Note: Installing the WinPcap is mandatory! After installing, you will need to register. In order for us to issue the correct SCS registration we will need additional information. The preferred method is: 1. From the “Registration Window” select “Send Email or Save File to Disk”. 2. Fill out the report, to include serial number of seismograph. (type 0000 in sales No. field if not known) 3. Save the file to your computer. 4. Send an email with the file attached or embedded to: rrivera@geometrics.com and/or support@geometrics.com. We will then remit with a 40 character alphanumeric string that you can paste into the same “Registration Window.” Please understand that the SCS can be installed onto as many computers as you wish, yet each installation will generate its own unique user code and therefore need to be registered. | |||||
| SCS Registration Procedure (SGOS/MGOS) | 3 Relevance | 3 years ago | Gretchen Schmauder | Software | |
| Standard Procedure on Registering SCS Software Here's our standard procedure on registering the SCS (Seismic Controller Software): The latest version of the SCS is 11.1.69, which is used for Windows Operating Systems up to and including W-10 64 bit computers. Within the zip file you will find instructions as well as the installation file. Note: Installing the WinPcap is mandatory! After installing, you will need to register. In order for us to issue the correct SCS registration we will need additional information. The preferred method is: 1. From the “Registration Window” select “Send Email or Save File to Disk”. 2. Fill out the report, to include serial number of seismograph. (type 0000 in sales No. field if not known) 3. Save the file to your computer. 4. Send an email with the file attached or embedded to: rrivera@geometrics.com and/or support@geometrics.com. We will then remit with a 40 character alphanumeric string that you can paste into the same “Registration Window.” Please understand that the SCS can be installed onto as many computers as you wish, yet each installation will generate its own unique user code and therefore need to be registered. | |||||
